Rivals of the Hittites,

13th century B.C.

The Hittite Empire was just one of the

mighty powers that arose in the fertile

lands of the eastern Mediterranean and

Mesopotamia. Ancient records show

that while they were connected through

regular diplomacy and trade, each

had its own distinct language and culture.

MONT.

SERB.

KOS.

BULGARIA

Black Sea

N. MACED.

ALB.

GREECE

Hattuşa

(Boğazkale)

Hittite

vassal

lands

TÜRKİYE

(TURKEY)

MYCENAEAN

CULTURE

Wilusa

(Troy)

HITTITE

EMPIRE

Lesbos

Ionian

Sea

Maldiya

(Malatya)

ANATOLIA

Caspian

Sea

Mycenae

Apasa

(Ephesus)

Peloponnesus

Pylos

Tarhuntassa

(location uncertain)

Tarsus

Harran

Hasanlu

Tepe Hissar

Nineveh

Trade route

Crete

Knossos

Rhodes

Ugarit

Ashur

Phaistos

CYPRUS

Tepe Sialk

SYRIA

Kermanshah

Sea trade route

Tepe Giyan

Battle of Kadesh

LEBANON

MEDITERRANEAN SEA

1274 B.C.

Sidon

IRAN

Damascus

Susa

Megiddo

Babylon

SYRIAN

DESERT

ISRAEL

Uruk

Rabbah

Gaza

Anshan

IRAQ

Ur

Sais

Pi-Ramesses

JORDAN

Liyan

Memphis

Timna

KUWAIT

SINAI

Trade route

LIBYA

EGYPT

Tema

SAUDI

ARABIA

Egyptian

sphere

of influence

BAHRAIN

150

mi

QATAR

150

km

Thebes

U.A.E.

EGYPT

Conflict at Kadesh

Aswan

Copper, grain, and lumber flowed along

the rich trade route near Kadesh, attracting

the interest of Hittite and Egyptian rulers.

SUDAN

Map: Matthew W. Chwastyk and Patricia Healy, NGM Staff

Sources: Andreas Schachner, German Archaeological Institute; Theo van den Hout, University of Chicago;

Eric Cline, George Washington University; Marc van d e Mieroop, Columbia University; Anthony Spalinger, University of Auckland

Rivals of the Hittites, 13th century B.C.

The Hittite Empire was just one of the mighty powers that arose in the fertile

lands of the eastern Mediterranean and Mesopotamia. Ancient records show

that while they were connected through regular diplomacy and trade, each

had its own distinct language and culture.

Black Sea

GR.

Wilusa

(Troy)

Hattuşa

(Boğazkale)

TÜRKİYE

(TURKEY)

MYCENAEAN

CULTURE

Hittite

vassal

lands

Caspian

Sea

HITTITE

EMPIRE

Maldiya

(Malatya)

ANATOLIA

Mycenae

Tarhuntassa

(location uncertain)

Tarsus

IRAN

Nineveh

Crete

Ugarit

Ashur

Phaistos

INDIA

SYRIA

CYPRUS

Sea trade route

LEB.

Battle of Kadesh

MEDITERRANEAN SEA

Sidon

1274 B.C.

Susa

Megiddo

Babylon

SYRIAN

DESERT

ISRAEL

Uruk

Rabbah

IRAQ

Ur

Pi-Ramesses

JORDAN

150

mi

Memphis

Timna

150

km

KUWAIT

SINAI

Trade route

SAUDI

ARABIA

EGYPT

Tema

Egyptian

sphere

of influence

Conflict at Kadesh

Thebes

Copper, grain, and lumber

flowed along the rich trade

route near Kadesh, attracting

the interest of Hittite

and Egyptian rulers.

EGYPT

Aswan

SUDAN

Map: Matthew W. Chwastyk and Patricia Healy, NGM Staff

Sources: Andreas Schachner, German Archaeological Institute;

Theo van den Hout, University of Chicago; Eric Cline, George Washington University;

Marc van de Mieroop, Columbia University; Anthony Spalinger, University of Auckland

Rivals of the Hittites,

13th century B.C.

The Hittite Empire was just one of the

mighty powers that arose in the fertile

lands of the eastern Mediterranean

and Mesopotamia. Ancient records

show that while they were connected

through regular diplomacy and trade,

each had its own distinct language

and culture.

Mycenean culture

Hittite Empire

Egypt

Assyria

Babylonia

Elam

CHINA

GR.

Hattuşa

(Boğazkale)

TÜRKİYE

(TURKEY)

Mycenae

IRAN

SY.

Ashur

CY.

Mediterranean

Sea

LEB.

Babylon

Battle of

Kadesh

Susa

IS.

Pi-Ramesses

IRAQ

1274 B.C.

Memphis

JORDAN

KUWAIT

SAUDI ARABIA

EGYPT

INDIA

200

mi

200

km

SUDAN

Map: Matthew W. Chwastyk and

Patricia Healy, NGM Staff

Sources: Andreas Schachner, German

Archaeological Institute; Theo van den

Hout, University of Chicago; Eric Cline,

George Washington University; Marc van

de Mieroop, Columbia University;

Anthony Spalinger, University of Auckland